Wednesday, January 4, 2012

A Syllabus for Placement Training

                          A  Comprehensive Communicative
                             Syllabus for Pre-placement Training

                           Dr.S.Malaikkani, Prof. of Training and Placement

Objectives:
        
1.      To enable students to improve their active and passive vocabulary
2.      To help them to improve their self-learning using electronic gadgets
3.      To encourage them to remove   the fear of speaking in English by practice
4.      To make them read  English text materials with speed
5.      To assist them to acquire  International Intelligibility in English


Unit I:  Word power

 Lexis - Active – Passive – Unknown – English – the richest language in words – Un-phonetic – stressed and unstressed words -  weak form and strong form of unstressed words – irregular words – verbs – adjectives

 Michael West’s limited vocabulary- words used in Spoken English – NEWS Readers’ vocabulary – TOEFL word list – SAT Word list – Oft-repeated grammatical words in LSRW

Coining new words using prefixes and suffixes – division of words into syllables – different usage of words – grouping of words for learning – Change of words from one parts of speech to another – noun – adjective – adverb – verb

Unit II:  Listening

Most neglected skill and an unused skill in the class room – sub-skills of listening – imitation - repetition- NM - memorization – Listening to their own voice

Native speakers’ model in Speaking English – News Readers – Audio books – Hi-hit songs in English – Films – audio CDs with English Dialogues - Training to listen – Listening to different types of English - Indian – British – American  

Expected Quality of English by MNCs   among their employees – Acquiring International Intelligibility






Unit III: Fluency

 Acquiring Fluency in English - Speaking English with speed – Linking words in speech – English pronunciation – 44 sounds – syllables – word stress – sentence stress – Pronouncing grammatical words – strong forms – weak forms - rhythm – intonation

Unit IV: Speaking

Student’s Phobia to speak in English – Difficulties to speak in English – Lack of sufficient vocabulary – correct pronunciation  -  framing correct sentences – questions – Fluency - lack of training in listening and speaking 

Spoken English Dialogues for practice – Daily used words – phrases – sentences - Micro dialogues – Macro dialogues – Memorization of dialogues

Use of conventional Formulas- Greeting – apology – invitation – refusal - accepting – describing – interpreting - telling stories – narrating incidents – debates- discussion – interviews – providing instruction – suggestion- permission- comparing – contrasting

Use of Audio - Visual Gadgets – Audio CDs – Mobile – Radio - T.V. – Computer - Hi- hit songs – films 

Unit V: Reading

Reading for comprehension - slow reading – speed reading – skimming – scanning – Loud reading – reading with pause – Fluent reading – announcement – Use of dictionary in reading – reading news papers – integrating other skills of learning – NM – Underlining the key words

Unit VI: Writing

 Hand writing – poor hand writing – poor marks - good hand writing pleasing to others

Writing - A perfect skill of learning – need rigorous  training – NM – thinking and Writing – like twins – Improving study skills – collect new ideas – create new ideas – reference skills – integrating the four skills of learning (LSRW)

Training to write correct sentences – paragraphs – essays – Articles – Research Papers for Presentation – arrangement of ideas – organizing – presenting materials in coherence and use of cohesive devices

Different Types of writing – letter writing – personal – business – official – Report writing – Preparing Agenda for meeting
  
Creative Writing – Essays – Short stories – Poems – Technical writing – Translation – Biographies






Unit VII:  Grammar

Parts of Speech – Tenses – Direct and Indirect speech – Passive and Active Voice – Degrees of Comparison – Use of Articles – Different types of sentences – Transformation of sentences  

Reference Books:

  1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
  2. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
  3. Roget’s  Thesaurus
  4. Oxford Mini Thesaurus
  5. Modern English Grammar – Krishnamoorthy, Macmillan Publishers
  6. Spoken English for You  - Rajeevan, Emerald Publishers
  7. Better Learning of Spoken English – S. Malaikkani
  8. Spoken English Grammar in Tree Diagrams – S. Malaikkani
  9. A Very Simple Grammar of English
  10. Collin’s Virtual dictionary       


    


WORD POWER

Word power

Last – lost                                                                team – teem
Canon – cannon                                                      shot –shod
Canvas – canvass                                                    cast – caste
Cot – caught                                                            doctor – daughter 
Are – or                                                                   die – dye
Soar – shore                                                            hire – higher   
Heaven- haven                                                        bag – back
All right – alright                                                    anger – anchor
Peace – piece                                                          opposite – apposite
Yeast – east                                                             oma – comma
Compliment – complement                                     conform – confirm
Counsel -council                                                     death – dearth
Down – dawn                                                          dairy – diary
Duel – dual                                                              ensure – insure
Envelop – envelope                                                 fare – fair
Grave – crave                                                          greet – great
Kit – kid                                                                  skid – skit
Hello – halo                                                            heal – heel
Whole – hole                                                          lion – line
Miner – minor                                                        knight – night
None – nun                                                            aught- (anything)
Petty- pretty                                                           ought – (should)
Son – sun                                                               story –storey
Stationary – stationery                                           personal – personnel
Stand – strand                                                        college – collage          
Done – don                                                            your – you’re
Weight – wait                                                        yearn – earn
Year – ear                                                              for – far      
Farm – form                                                          farmer – former
Shop – sop                                                            soul -  sole
Flower – flour                                                       route – root
Grand – grant                                                        many – money
Meet – mete                                                          can – cane
Know – no                                                            draught-drought
Vain – vein                                                           lock – log
Seen – scene                                                         here – hear
Hope – hop                                                           rage – rag
Wage - wag                                                          main – mane
Mat – mate                                                           tense – dense
Ten – den                                                             chief – cheap
Hose – home                                                       check – cheque
Farther – further                                                  later - latter
Hell – he’ll                                                          ill – I’ll
Hour – our                                                           tale – tail
Human – humane                                                        sell – cell
Dead – debt                                                                 false – falls
Data – date                                                                  steal – steel
Pay – bay                                                                     patent – patient
Plait – (hair)                                                                pupil - people
plight – (condition)                                                     quote – quota
rational – (reasoning)                                                  ant – aunt
rationale – ( reasonable )                                             birth – berth
lice – lies                                                                     sour – shower
roll – role                                                                     poll – pole
riot – ryot                                                                    salon – ( reception room)
see – sea                                                                      saloon –
self – shelf                                                                  seer – sheer
so – show                                                                    some - sum
sign – shine                                                                cease – seize
wine – vine                                                                 wet – wed
wrote – rote                                                                seal – zeal
through – threw                                                          past – paste
disease – decease                                                       loath – (hatred)
naught – nought                                                         loathe – (verb)
tri – try                                                                       compeer – (equal)
plays – place                                                              compere – (radio organizer)
might – mite                                                              dam – damn
boy – bouy                                                                weight – wait
career – carrier                                                          sign – shine
principle - principal               
        


I – eye – aye
Flower – flour – floor
Write -  rite -  right
Quite – quiet – quit
Sight – site – cite
Knot – not - naught – nought
Meet – mete – meat
To – two – too
Rain – rein – reign
Done – don- ton
Where – ware – were
Snack – snake – snag
Lack – lakh – lag
Man – main – mane
Mad – made – maid
Price – prize – praise
Die – dye – tie
See – sea – she

SOME TIPS AND GAP FILLERS IN GROUP DISCUSSION

SOME TIPS AND GAP FILLERS IN GROUP DISCUSSION


GD should have a beginning, middle and an end
Introduce yourself
Avoid starting trouble
Speak boldly
Encourage yourself
Use simple present tense
Use polite words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’
When you make an error, use words of regret like ‘I’m sorry; Pardon me; I beg your pardon; Excuse me’
Think a lot and write down your ideas and try to develop it
Use Hindu, Biblical, epic, and religious leader’s stories
Remember the biographies of great men and quote from them
Support your views/arguments by using proverbs, quotations, paper news etc.
Recall the stories like Aesop’s fables, mythical stories etc and use the moral used in them
Remember the essays, poems, rhymes, and stories from the Supplementary Readers that you have learnt in your lower classes and try to use them at the apt places

The following gap fillers would be very useful in your speech

Good morning to all of you; I welcome all of you to this GD
This is a good topic
It is a current topic and it needs a solution
This is a great problem today
We have to find a solution urgently
This is my idea
I have a new idea
I can’t accept your ideas (views)
I don’t understand you
Please repeat your views
This is my suggestion
What you said is correct/wrong
I like/appreciate/welcome/support/ your ideas
It is quite true
It is certainly true
Let  me put the subject before you
Let me explain it
Let me tell an incident, a story, a joke, an anecdote, a proverb, a quotation etc.
As far as I am concerned, it is not correct/right/possible
This is my stand
I am not quite sure
I don’t agree with you
In fact there is no reason behind your saying/argument
This is not a sound argument
I repeat my idea/views
Now the problem/question before us is this
But remember this idea
Can you doubt it?
Certainly it is good
Your argument/idea/suggestion is weak
Don’t misunderstand me
Enough has been said about it
Please permit me/allow me to put forward my ideas
Here I have to talk about it
I strongly object it
I admit it
I want to make a remark
I want to a speak a few words about it
I’m very sure of it
I’m quite certain about it
I ask how you are going to justify your views
I can’t believe it
I don’t question your idea
I differ very much from what you say
I don’t want to argue with you
I hope all of you agree with my idea
I think that……..
I hope that…..
I assume that….
I have the strongest reason to object your views
I share your ideas
It is our duty to do it
I want to know more about your ideas
This is an unanswerable question
This is a very serious question/problem
It is an undeniable truth
It is difficult to understand
It is not necessary
It is well known to us
Much has been said about it
My opinion/answer/belief/solution/suggestion is this
I come to this conclusion
To conclude, let me speak a few words
To sum up …….
To put an end to this problem …..





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Good Communication Skills

The way one communicates does not only have an impact on their own profession and personal relations, but also an effect on others. Those who do not have appropriate communication skills are usually ignored or simply kept at bay. Where are those with good communication skills are looked upon and well respected. After all a good listener and a good orator are popular in their groups - professional and personal.

Teaching communication skills can be a rather daunting task, considering that almost every individual feels that they are very good communicators. In fact, most trainers prefer to be regarded as facilitators, who are able to bring to light the nuances that occur while communicating ineffectively, rather than pointing a direct finger and saying - You all cannot communicate well'. and when this occurs the participants are ready to delve deeper within and bring out the negative aspects of their communications and replace it with the corrective measures.

Based on the communication skills training programs conducted by known experts in the field, here are some tips to good communication skills :

Maintain eye contact with the audience : This is vital as it keeps all those present involved in the conversation. It keeps them interested and on the alert, during the course of the conversation.

Body awareness : One needs to be aware of all that their body is conveying to them, as well as others. For instance, if there is anxiety rising during the course of a conversation then one feels thirsty and there maybe a slight body tremor. At that point one needs to pause and let someone else speak. A few deep breaths and some water works as the magic portion at this point.
Gestures and expressions : One needs to be aware of how to effectively use hand gestures and the way they need to posture their body to convey their messages effectively. Sometimes it may happen that they verbally convey something, but their gestures and facial expressions have another story to tell.

Convey one's thoughts : It is important for one to courageously convey what they think. This is because when things are left unsaid, then what is being spoken is not as convincing as it should be. Then a lack of confidence develops.
ENGLISH WORDS TO EMPOWER YOU
(Words for correct Pronunciation)
Dr. S. Malaikkani, Prof. in English


Aesthetic                                                                               Woman / women
Cleanliness                                                                          Reservoir
Risen                                                                                     Cliché
Depot                                                                                     Guinea
Coup                                                                                      Nostalgia
Coupe                                                                                                Etiquette
Corps                                                                                     Entrepreneur
Corpse                                                                                   Psyche
Suit                                                                                         Mnemonics
Suite                                                                                       Physique
Goal                                                                                        Quote
Gaol / jail                                                                                Quotient
Debut                                                                                     Able
Blitz / quartz                                                                          Wrinkle
Desert                                                                                                Write
Bourgeois                                                                              Writ
Bouquet                                                                                 Paper
Bureau                                                                                   Table
Ache                                                                                       Plea / please
Rendevous                                                                           Engineer
Hop / hope                                                                            Machine
Hoping / hopping                                                                 Aeroplane
Key / quay (construction)                                                   Psychology
Wag / wage                                                                           Resume
Waging / wagging                                                                Curriculum vitae
Class / clause                                                                       Recipe
Lose / loose                                                                           Spinach
Once / ones                                                                          Plateau
Police                                                                                     Naught
Raging / ragging                                                                  Hiccough
Practice / practise                                                                 Neighbour
Advice / advise                                                                     Queue
Haphazard                                                                            Questionnaire
Bath / bathe                                                                          Personal
Cloth / clothe                                                                                    Quote
Unique                                                                                   Hoax
Rescue                                                                                  Zero
Colleague                                                                             Xerox
Genuine                                                                                Read-read
Hitchhike                                                                               Gesture
                                                                                                savvy
SMALL WORDS WITH BIG TROUBLE

1. Pronouns (106)                                                                            What – watt
2. Auxiliary verbs / Modal / Helping verbs                                   Would – wood
3. Prepositions                                                                                 Said – set
4. Conjunction                                                                                  Been – bean
  • different pronunciation                                                       can – Two meanings                                                                                                           cane
  • used in Grammar                                                                 Which – witch
  • not used in NM / Telegram                                                 Him – hymn
  • unstressed in speech                                                         Some – sum

I – eye – aye                                                                                      Its – it’s
Eyes – ice                                                                                          Her / here
We – wee                                                                                          Our – hour
Mine (two meanings)                                                                      Where – were
Knot – not                                                                                          Than – then
Will (two meanings)                                                                         I’m – am
The – thee                                                                                         Here – hear
The – Two types of pro                                                                    Old - world
Of – off
To – too, do
In – inn
For – far
As – ass / us
Be – bee
But – butt
His – hiss
Are – or
By / bye – buy
An – Ann
We – wee
One – won / own
There – their